Knowledge of component and correlation among component traits can improve efficiency of selection in melon. A study was undertaken to identify the principal components along with association of various yield and yield contributing traits in muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.). Twelve promising lines were evaluated in a Randomized block design with two replications during spring-summer season of 2015 at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. The mean performance of genotypes revealed significant different for all the studied traits. The five components out of 11 showed maximum amount of variation (83.83%). Principal component (PC) 1, accounted variation for seed cavity followed by TSS, pH, ? carotene and fruit yield which was contributed by genotypes SM-2012-12, MM-202 and MS-1. Similarly, PC2 was governed by flesh thickness, rind thickness, days to first female flower opening and days to 1st fruit ripening due to entries Farmers' Glory, MM-314 and MH-27. Biplot analysis showed fruit yield, seed cavity, titrable acidity and average fruit weight were correlated in comparison to other traits, while among genotypes, SM-2012-12, Punjab Sunehri (PS) and MM-314 were found to be diverse with respect to traits in the study. Genotypic correlations were higher than respective phenotypic correlations depicting least effect of environment in all studied traits. Fruit yield was positively correlated with average fruit weight, seed cavity and titrable acidity but negatively correlated with pH and fruit firmness at both genotypic and phenotypic level. TSS was negatively associated with fruit yield, average fruit weight but positively with ? carotene, pH and fruit firmness. To enhance yield and quality of muskmelon, association between different traits must be kept in view during selection and genotypes showing maximum diversity could be used in hybrid development with desirable heterosis for particular traits.