The present investigation on genetics of traits associated with shootfly and drought resistance in rabi sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) was conducted at Sorghum Improvement Project and PGI, Agricultural Botany farm, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, during the period 2010 to 2013, with the objectives to estimates the nature and magnitude of gene actions involved in control of the traits imparting to shootfly resistance in rabi sorghum. The investigations comprised of generation mean analysis involving six generations (P1, P2, F1, F2, B1 and B2) of four crosses associated with shootfly tolerance. Dominance gene action along with dominance x dominance (l) gene interaction was found predominant in the inheritance of seedling height at 14 DAE, silica content and grain yield per plant. However, additive gene action along with additive x additive (i) followed by dominance x dominance (l) gene interaction was also observed in characters per cent dead heart, leaf glossiness and sugar content in all the four crosses studied for shootfly tolerance. Duplicate epitasis was observed in almost all the crosses for shootfly tolerance. On the basis of results, were found promising cross combinations RSV1006 x RSV1093 followed by cross RSV1098 x RSV1003 for the traits associated with shootfly resistance for commercial exploitation of hybrid vigor. The parent RSV1006 (P1) followed by RSV1098 (P1) and RSV1093 (P2) followed by RSV458 (P2) were found to be superior parents, which could be considered in developing shootfly tolerant genotypes. Depending on the findings of present investigation, it can be concluded that traits governed by additive (d) gene effects, the simple selection would be effective, while for the traits governed by dominance (h) gene effects, the better option would be adoption of heterosis breeding.