Twenty eight crosses combinations were developed by 8 x 8 diallel analysis during rabi 2012-13 and evaluated 28 F1’s and 8 parents during rabi 2013-14. Thirteen crosses out of 28 crosses manifested significant positive heterobeltiosis for seed yield per plant. The range of heterobeltiosis for seed yield was wide (-71.02 % to 153.44 %). The hybrid PRAKASH X IPFD 10-13) expressed the highest heterobeltiosis (82.54 %). An overall consideration of GCA effects indicated that the parents DF-1, ADARSH and PRAKASH appeared to be good general combiners for seed yield per plant and harvest index. For seed yield per plant, the crosses PRAKASH X IPFD 10-13, ADARSH X APARNA and VIKAS X IPFD 10-13 recorded the highest SCA effects. DNA-based markers provide powerful and reliable tools for discriminating variations within crop germplasm and for studying evolutionary relationships. Pooled RAPD analysis produced a total of 108 DNA fragments, out of which 91 were polymorphic (82.35%) average polymorphism. Parent IPFD 10-13 and KPMR 400 were least similar to each other, the cross between ADARSH X NDP-1 and DF-1 X PRAKASH revealed lowest similarity index indicating more distance between them. A wide range of genetic similarity (0.36 to 0.89) conform that a significant genetic variation exists among the various cross combinations of fieldpea.