Sustainable agricultural development and food security will be the major challenges for India in this century. Nearly 65% of the India's population is living in rural area with agriculture as their livelihood support system. The vast majority of Indian farmers are small and marginal, their farm size is decreasing further due to population growth, the quality of land is deteriorating day by day due to nutrient losses through soil degradation, increasing water scarcity, adverse impacts of climate change and accumulation of toxic elements in soil and water. Agriculture in Bundelkhand region is rainfed, diverse, complex, under-invested, risky and vulnerable. In addition, extreme weather conditions, like frequent droughts, short-term rain and flooding in fields add to the uncertainties and seasonal migrations. The scarcity of water in this region, with poor fertile soils and low productivity further aggravates the problem of food security. Some physico-chemical parameters like pH, bulk density, organic carbon, macro and micro nutrients were selected as indicators of soil quality and were investigated in the present study under the various land use system in Jhansi district of Bundelkhand region of U.P., India, and observed that black and red soil were slight or moderate alkaline in nature. Red soils are very poor in organic matter, bulk density, electric conductivity, available nitrogen, phosphorus and sulphur and micro nutrient with very low water retention capacity. Crust formation on the soil surface posed a very serious problem that impaired seed germination when rained just after sowing. These soils are fit for growing sorghum, cowpea, black & greengram, sesame, chickpea, pea, lentil, pigeon pea, wheat, mustard and linseed etc. Black soils are clayey and contain mineral substances and fertile. They retain moisture for a long period and suitable for growing chickpea, pea, lentil, pigeon pea, cotton, sugarcane and wheat.