Mothbean is one of the important kharif legumes and a well-known economic crop of arid and semi-arid zones of Rajasthan. The present investigation was focused on characterization and assessment of high temperature and drought tolerance among rhizobia nodulating mothbean under in vitro, in vivo and axenic conditions. A total of 31 mothbean rhizobial isolates were recovered from 18 nodule samples collected from different locations of four districts under hyper-arid zone of Rajasthan, India. Seven isolates showed combined high drought tolerance of 40% concentration of polyethylene glycol 6000 and high temperature tolerance at 45oC. Stress-tolerant rhizobial isolates also possess multiple plant growth promoting traits like nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, IAA production and ACC deaminase activity. Three efficient stress tolerant rhizobial isolates were evaluated for nodulation efficiency and plant growth promotion in mothbean under axenic condition using Leonard jar assemblies for high temperature tolerance and in pot experiment for drought tolerance at different soil moisture regime (100%, 50% and 25% FC). Both Leonard jar experiment and pot experiment revealed that only one rhizobial isolate MOBR99B possessed significantly better potential to enhance biomass yield (214.4 % & 115.3 % at 25% FC) than control. Hence, the isolate MOBR99B showed the enormous potential as bioinoculant for arid zone of India. The identification of the isolate MOBR99B was performed by molecular ribo-typing method which revealed 100% sequence similarity with Rhizobium pusense.