Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) is most important and popular solanaceous vegetable crop in India. The crop offers scope or improvement of various traits. 60 genotypes from various agro-climatic conditions were evaluated in RBD with 2 replications for 14 quantitative characters. Yield, being a complex character, is governed by a large number of genes and dependent on several characters which are mutually associated. Correlation analysis measures the mutual relationship between various plant characters and determines the component characters on which selection can be based for genetic improvement of yield. Based on this number of flowers per cluster, number of fruits per cluster, average fruit weight and number of fruits per plant are highly correlated with fruit yield per plant and among themselves and are identified as yield components. The genotypic correlation is product of interaction of direct and indirect causes which in turn impair the true association existing between a component and fruit yield per plant. Each component has two paths of action viz., the direct influence on fruit yield per plant, indirect effect through components which are not revealed from the correlation studies. Path coefficient splits the correlation coefficient in to direct and indirect effects. In general genotypic path effects were higher than phenotypic effects. At both phenotypic and genotypic levels, high positive direct effect was exhibited by average fruit weight (0.8291 and 0.8312 respectively) and number of fruits per plant (0.4810 and 0.5077 respectively) on yield per plant. The high direct effect of these traits appeared to be the main factor for their strong association with fruit yield per plant. Hence direct selection for these traits would be effective in greatly improving the fruit yield per plant.