The investigation to study the effect of herbicides and cultural practices on soil microbial papulation in chickpea (Cicer arietinum) was conducted at the farm of Department of Agronomy, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola during the season of 2010-2011. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with ten treatments and Three replications. There were one cultural treatments of hand weeding and hoeing. These treatments were compared with eight chemical treatments of Imazathapyr, Pendimethalin, and Quizolofop-p-ethyl with their recommended rates and one weedy check. But after spraying of herbicide, there were considerable differences among the treatments. After spraying of herbicide microbial count was reduced in herbicidal treatment (T2 and T9) than cultural method of weed control treatment (T10). Treatment weedy check (T1) shows maximum microbial count before and after spraying of herbicide. Herbicide and cultural practices affect the presence of microorganism in soil which may be directly or in directly affect on soil status. Cultural treatment show maximum yield than herbicide treatment.