Global change has a serious impact on the availability of various resources on the earth especially water, which sustains life on this planet. Climate change is likely to directly impact food production across the globe. Increase in the mean seasonal temperature can reduce the duration of many crops and reduce the yield throughout the 21stcentury, India is projected to experience warming above global level. India will also begin to experience more seasonal variation in temperature with more warming in the winters than summers. The average temperature change is predicted to be 2.33°C to 4.78°C with a doubling in CO2 concentrations. The heat waves will lead to increased variability in summer monsoon precipitation, which will result in drastic effects on the agriculture sector in India. Local weather conditions such as rain, temperature, sunshine and wind, in combination with locally adapted plant varieties, cropping systems, and soil conditions can maximize food production and plant diseases can be controlled.
The vast genetic diversity in crops provides a platform to identify suitable thermal and drought tolerant cultivars for sustained productivity, identification of suitable agronomic management practices, an overall assessment of soil health and the possible alterations in soil physical, chemical and biological characters need to be looked for climate change.