A field trial was conducted to study the effect of polythene mulching, plant population and land configurations on the yield attributes and yield of groundnut during rabi 2002-2003 at the Agronomy Farm, College of Agriculture, Dapoli, Dist. Ratnagiri. Results revealed that the groundnut grown under polythene mulch recorded significantly higher values of yield attributes viz., number of pegs per plant, number of pods per plant, weight of pods per plant and 100 kernel weights than non-mulched groundnut. The higher values of yield attributes contributed to higher sink resulting into significantly higher dry pod yield (54.17 q ha-1) and kernel yield (39.78 q ha-1) as compared to non-mulched groundnut. Though, the wider spacing of 30 x 15 cm recorded higher values of all the yield attributes per plant, the closer spacing of 15 x 10 cm produced significantly higher pod yield and kernel yield (57.23 and 42.29 q ha-1, respectively) over all other spacing mainly due to the higher plant population per unit area. Similarly, due to substantial increase in plant population in flat beds all the yield values (dry pods as well as kernel) were significantly higher as compared to raised beds. Polymulched groundnut recorded maximum net returns with B:C ratio of 2.48. Closer spacing and flat bed method of sowing recorded more B:C ratio mainly due to higher plant population per unit area.