Genetic variability, character association and path analysis between yield and its contributing traits were studied in 100 sesame advanced breeding lines (67 advanced mutant lines, 12 RIL's, 5 checks, 4 collections, 7 varieties, 3 parents, 2 land races). Analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences for 07 characters except number of branches per plant, capsule length, capsule weight, test weight and seed yield per plant. Higher estimates of PCV were observed for all the traits but the difference between PCV and GCV was narrow indicating lowest environmental influence and predominance of genetic factors controlling these traits. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was observed for plant height and distance from ground to first capsule indicate that these traits are controlled by additive genes and phenotypic selection would be effective. Number of capsules per plant, number of branches per plant, capsule length, number of seeds per capsule, capsule weight and test weight had strong and significant positive association with seed yield per plant at both genotypic and phenotypic levels. Path coefficient analysis indicated that number of seeds per plant followed by number of capsules per plant were important traits to be considered for realizing the improvement in yield in sesame owe to their positive contribution. Days to maturity and capsule length were negative. Capsule weight influence seed yield negatively through most characters.