This research was done in Ambo town, to conduct gender analysis of access and control over resources and benefits. The research employed quantitative and qualitative research approach and both primary and secondary data were collected. Data were collected through face to face interview (scheduled interview) and focus group discussion methods. Multistage sampling design was used. Ambo town was selected purposely and two kebeles were selected by simple random sampling techniques. A total of 56HH were selected by systematic random sampling and all individuals above 15 years within 56HH making a total of 172(89 male and 83 females) sample respondents for the study. Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed to address the objectives of the study. The findings of the study revealed that male dominated productive roles and community politics roles (those paid in nature) and females dominated reproductive roles and community management roles (those unpaid in nature). The access and control profile of resources and benefits statically significant that male dominate over resources and benefits whereas females were marginalized in accessing and controlling resources and benefits. Ensuring equal distribution of resources and benefits were the most important prerequisite for planning, designing and implementation of any gender equality.