The cotton crop production instable mainly due to uncertain nature of monsoon and attack of pests mainly cotton bollworm and sucking pests. The study attempts to focus performance of cotton in Amravati division of Vidarbha region comprises of Amaravati, Akola, Buldhana and Yeotmal district. The study is based on the secondary data pertains to the year 1979-80 to 2004-05. The performance of cotton was studied by estimating the compound growth rates, coefficient of variation and output growth. The compound growth rates for area, production and productivity were positive for almost all the cotton growing district in the study during the first period but the picture was controversy in the second period i.e. the growth rate estimated negative. The relative contribution of area and yield to change in output was estimated by using Minhans decomposition model. The district wise analysis was carried out for the period I, period II and overall. The decomposition analysis for Amravati division was estimated largest area effect on cotton production in period I. It was also observed that for the period I yield effect was more pronounced than area effect and interaction effect, while in second period area effect was more pronounced than yield effect and interaction effect.