The agricultural wastes can be used as substrate for cultivation of mushrooms and be converted to food. Among the various mushrooms, oyster mushrooms are grown in tropics and sub-tropics because of the easiness for cultivation. An experiment was conducted at Onattukara Regional Agricultural Research Station, Kayamkulam, Kerala, India, during May 2019 to June 2019 with an objective of identifying a suitable plant residue as substrate for the production of oyster mushroom. The treatments were T1 - saw dust, T2 - paddy straw, T3 - pulses pod waste, T4 - sesame plant debris, T5 - banana pseudostem and T6 - mixture of saw dust and paddy straw (1:1) and were replicated thrice. The results revealed that there is high potential for production of mushroom by using agricultural plant wastes as substrate material. Oyster mushroom can grow on all the substrates used as treatments and using a single substrate was found to be more effective in producing higher yield than by using a combination of two substrates. The days taken for mycelial spread (12 days) and first primordia formation (15 days) was recorded least when sesame plant debris was used as substrate. The longest stipe length (6 cm), highest stipe thickness (5 cm), widest cap diameter (9 cm) and highest yield (1037.72g) was obtained with mushrooms grown from substrates of sesame plant debris. Thus, in areas where sesame plant debris is available in large quantities and where they pose an environment threat, can be converted as a source of food by using them for the production of oyster mushroom. Paddy straw performed comparatively well and as it is available throughout the year, production of oyster mushroom can be carried out year-round.