An investigation was conducted at New Orchard, Main Agricultural Research Station, UAS, Raichur (Karnataka) during 2010-11 to study the impact of pre-sowing seed treatments on vegetative growth, root morphology and dry root yield of ashwagandha (Withania somnifera Dunal). This experiment was laid out in the Randomized Block Design with nine treatemtns replicated three times. The nine treatments are as follows. Seeds of ashwagandha var. WS-134 were soaked in NANO3 1% (12 hr soaking), GA3 50 ppm (12 hr soaking), Azospirillum (12 hr soaking), NaNO3 + GA3 (each 12 hr soaking), NaNO3 + Azospirillum (each 12 hr soaking), GA3 + Azospirillum (each 12 hr soaking), NaNO3 + GA3 + Azospirillum (each 12 hr soaking). Unsoaked and water soaked (12 hr soaking) seed were also included in the experiment for comparision. Significant differences were abserved in vegetative growth parameters viz., plant height, number of branches, number of leaves, leaf area and leaf area index due to influence of various seed treatments. At harvest, yield and yield parameters viz., the root length, root diameter, fresh root weight, dry root weight and dry root yield (kg/ha) were maximum with seed treatment with NaNO3 + Azospirillum (each 12 hr soaking). From the results of the experiment, it can be concluded that among different seed treatments, the seed treatment with NaNO3 + Azospirillum (each 12 hr soaking) was found best in respect to root yield (2093.33 kg/ha), net returns (` 1,27,933/ha) and B:C ratio (7.9) and hence this seed treatment can be advocated to the farmers for getting higher root yield and higher returns.