Field experiment was conducted during rabi season 2014-2015 at Research farm of IGKV, Raipur Chhattisgarh to study the Influence of crop residues under rice planting & nutrient management on physical and physiological properties of Vertisol under chickpea. The experiment consisted of twelve treatments, each replicated three times in split plot design. The three rice establishment methods viz., transplanting and direct seeded rice and four nutrient management practices viz., Rainfed- Farmer practice, Rainfed -Improved practice, Farmer practice with life saving irrigation and improved practice with life saving irrigation. The effect of rice establishment on chickpea grain yield (1890 kg/ha) was found higher in transplanted rice under rice-chickpea. Among nutrient management practices viz improved practice with life saving irrigation was found significantly higher yield (1997 kg/ha).The different stage of cracks volume found significantly increased under puddled transplanting rice under rice-chickpea. Soil strength found significantly higher in unpuddled transplanting rice under rice-chickpea at different depth due to increases compaction of soil. The two stages of microbial dynamics, initial and growth stage (flowering) of chickpea like Dizotrophs, (3.39 CFU/gm of soil) Rhizobium, (7.79 CFU/gm of soil) Phosphorus solublizing bacteria (5.23CFU/gm of soil), and Dehydrogenage activity (74.52 ?gTPF/soil/day) significantly increased both grain yield and soil health under transplanted rice field.