A field investigation was conducted at New Orchard, Main Agricultural Research Station, UAS, Raichur (Karnataka) during 2010-11 to study the influence of pre-sowing seed treatments on dry matter production and root yield of ashwagandha (Withania somnifera Dunal). This experiment was laid out in the Randomized Block Design with nine treatemtns replicated three times. There were nine treatments. Seeds of ashwagandha var. WS-134 were soaked in NANO3 1% (12 hr soaking), GA3 50 ppm (12 hr soaking), Azospirillum (12 hr soaking), NaNO3 + GA3 (each 12 hr soaking), NaNO3 + Azospirillum (each 12 hr soaking), GA3 + Azospirillum (each 12 hr soaking), NaNO3 + GA3 + Azospirillum (each 12 hr soaking). Unsoaked and water soaked (12 hr soaking) seed were also included. Significant differences were observed in total dry matter accumulation and its accumulation in different parts of the plant due to influence of various seed treatments. At harvest, yield and yield parameters viz., the root length, root diameter, fresh root weight, dry root weight and dry root yield (kg/ha) were maximum with seed treatment with NaNO3 + Azospirillum (each 12 hr soaking). From the results it can be concluded that among different seed treatments, the seed treatment with NaNO3 + Azospirillum (each 12 hr soaking) was found best in respect to root yield (2093.33 kg/ha), net returns (` 1,27,933/ha) and B:C ratio (7.9) and hence this seed treatment can be advocated to the farmers for getting higher root yield and higher returns.