A field experiment was conducted during kharif and rabi-summer season of 2009-10, 2010-11and 2011-12 at Agronomy Main Research Farm, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Odisha to study the effect of integrated nutrient management on maximizing the production of rice-groundnut cropping system . The result of pooled analysis of two years data revealed that treatment with application of 100% recommended dose of fertilizer N(60 kg/ha) to rice during kharif recorded significantly higher grain (2920 kg/ha ) and straw yield ( 4260kg/ha) in rice while following groundnut crop in rabi-summer in the same treatment with application of recommended dose of phosphorus(40 kg/ha) to groundnut registered significantly higher pod (2148 kg/ha) and kernel yield (1439 kg/ha) and yield attributing parameters in groundnut than other treatments, respectively. At the end of two years of experimentation, the same treatment as rice–groundnut system expressed significantly higher system productivity (8286 kg REY/ha), net return (48761 `/ha) and benefit-cost ratio (2.43) indicating its superiority over other treatments. However treatment with application of recommended dose of N to rice in kharif and following same treatment with application of recommended dose of N to groundnut in rabi-summer recorded the lowest rice equivalent yield (2956 kg REY/ha) and economics under rice-groundnut system. To get maximum productivity and profitability from rice in kharif and groundnut in rabi-summer under rice-groundnut cropping system in acid soils of Odisha, the crop should be manured with application of 100% recommended dose of fertilizer N(60 kg/ha) to rice during kharif and recommended dose of phosphorus (40 kg P2O5/ha) to groundnut during rabi-summer.