Total factor productivity (TFP) is the multifactor productivity it is a true measure of economic efficiency. It is computed as the ratio of an index of aggregate output to an index of aggregate inputs. Growth in TFP is therefore the growth in total output less than the total increase in inputs. Present study measures total factor productivity growth of major crops in sub-sector of Maharashtra State. The Tornquist-Theil chained Divisia index approach was applied for the measurement of TFP using output and input data of three important field crops namely, cotton, sugarcane and pigeon pea. Farm-level data on yield, level of inputs use and their prices for the period 1989-90 to 2008-09 were taken from the state funded cost of cultivation scheme. The multi-variable model was estimated to know the determinants of TFP growth. The results indicated that TFP growth was positive in all the selected crops i.e. cotton, sugarcane and pigeonpea in sub sector of Maharashtra State. Area under irrigation, area under high yielding varieties, rainfall, and road density has positive and significant impact on total factor productivity in the crops sub- sector. The result shows that TFP growth in period I was low as compared with period II this increase in TFP in period II was because of technological progress, extension services and adoption of modern techniques and inputs.